How a battery earns money
in US power markets
14 short lessons, adapted from our German revenue-transparency series to US ISO markets (CAISO reference). Charts use real prices from our database — concept pages say so openly instead of showing invented numbers.
Negative prices escalating
Share of negative day-ahead intervals per month at CAISO SP15 (Southern California) — real…
Revenue potential per market
The menu of US revenue streams for a battery: DAM arbitrage · FMM/RTM · Regulation Up/Down…
Real day-ahead price curve
The raw hourly day-ahead LMP curve at CAISO SP15 for the most recent trading day — red zer…
Day-Ahead Market (DAM)
Detail view of the Day-Ahead Market (DAM) for battery storage in US ISO markets — the feas…
Fifteen-Minute Market (FMM)
Detail view of the Fifteen-Minute Market (FMM) for battery storage in US ISO markets — the…
Real-Time Market (RTM, 5-min dispatch)
Detail view of the Real-Time Market (RTM, 5-min dispatch) for battery storage in US ISO ma…
Real-time imbalance settlement
Detail view of the Real-time imbalance settlement for battery storage in US ISO markets — …
Frequency Regulation (AGC)
Detail view of the Frequency Regulation (AGC) for battery storage in US ISO markets — rese…
Regulation Up
Detail view of the Regulation Up for battery storage in US ISO markets — reserved capacity…
Regulation Down
Detail view of the Regulation Down for battery storage in US ISO markets — reserved capaci…
Spinning Reserve
Detail view of the Spinning Reserve for battery storage in US ISO markets — reserved capac…
Non-Spinning Reserve
Detail view of the Non-Spinning Reserve for battery storage in US ISO markets — reserved c…
Reality anchor: real asset vs. potential
A real 1.5-MW battery — our GERMAN reference asset (GDPR-anonymized): realized arbitrage m…
All markets side by side
All revenue streams of one battery viewed together — energy products move continuously, ca…